Empirical Earth · Space, Satellites & the Edges of the Map

Deep space, measured — the DSN, Voyager and the speed-of-light delay

The claim

“Rockets can’t work in a vacuum and space is fake; the deep-space data is studio-made.”

What is measured

The Deep Space Network needs three antennas ~120° apart (California, Spain, Australia) to keep probes in view as the globe turns, while a flat Earth would need one.

What would show this is wrong

a deep-space probe staying in continuous view from one ground station, needing no 120°-spaced antennas.

Sources

  1. NASA Deep Space Network. Three antenna complexes ~120° apart in longitude — Goldstone (California), Madrid (Spain), Canberra (Australia) — positioned so that as Earth rotates, a spacecraft i link
  2. Voyager mission. Launched 1977; Voyager 1 crossed into interstellar space in 2012 and is ~25 billion km (~160 AU) away, with a one-way signal time of ~23 h 32 m (reaching one light-day in No link
  3. Parker Solar Probe. Launched 2018; on 24 Dec 2024 it flew 3.8 million miles (6.1 million km) from the Sun's surface at ~430,000 mph — the fastest human-made object — relaying telemetry to AP link
  4. Voyager crosses the heliopause. The heliosphere is the bubble of solar wind around the Sun. Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock (2004, 94 AU) and the heliopause into interstellar space o link
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