Empirical Earth · the long-form pages
Deep dives — every page, in one list.
The main reference answers 201 claims in short form. These 17 pages take one subject each and follow it all the way down: the full working, the sources, and the measurement that would prove it wrong.
Measure it yourself
Six ways to take the measurement without trusting anyone.
sphere · 3,558 words
How do we know the Earth is a sphere? Six measurements, one number
Six independent measurements of the Earth's radius, from Eratosthenes in 240 BCE to satellite geodesy. They share no instruments and agree to within 2.8 percent. The affirmative case, with the caveats stated.
rotation · 2,825 words
Does the Earth rotate? Five kinds of instrument, one number
A pendulum in 1851, a ring of water in 1913, light around a loop in 1925, a laser under a mountain, entangled photons in 2024. Five families of instrument that share no principle and need no view of the sky, all returning the same rotation rate and the same axis. Every flat-Earth objection stated at full strength and followed through.
threeobservers · 1,405 words
Three people, one Sun — the experiment that separates the models
Three observers face true north at the same instant and record the Sun’s bearing and altitude. A globe reproduces all three from one Sun. A flat disc, given the same three measurements, needs the Sun at three different heights at once.
eratosthenes · 1,682 words
Eratosthenes — a stick, a shadow, and why the Earth cannot be flat
How Eratosthenes measured the whole Earth with two sticks around 240 BC, what that proof does and does not show, and how modern crowds repeating it across many latitudes always land on a globe and never on a nearby-Sun flat curve.
baumgartner · 3,444 words
Baumgartner at 39 kilometers — the measurement, not the view
On 14 October 2012 Felix Baumgartner stepped off a capsule at 38,969.4 m and said he could see the curve. His testimony is the weakest evidence he left. The horizon dip at that altitude is 6.3 degrees, and on a flat plane it is zero at every height.
math · 9,725 words
EmpiricalMath — the physics, by subject
The constants, formulas, mechanisms and limits behind the Empirical Earth reference, gathered by subject. Shelf one: light and optics — refraction, ducting, mirage, scattering, resolution.
Cases examined in full
One claim, one document, followed all the way down.
baysinger · 4,356 words
Larry Baysinger and the Louisville intercept — a verification
In 1969 a Louisville radio technician recorded Armstrong and Aldrin from the Moon on homemade equipment. Every figure traced, every calculation shown, including the ones that make the story harder.
gleason · 3,755 words
The Gleason map — what the patent actually says
US Patent 497,917 is titled Time-Chart. Its claim covers two brass arms and a dial, not the shape of the Earth - and Gleason calls his own map an extorsion from that of a globe.
simulator · 1,832 words
The “conceptual” flat-Earth simulator — what it leaves out
An open-source browser model presents flat and round as equally valid projections. Its own README says it carries no Earth radius, no AU and no kilometers. It is driven by globe ephemerides, its eclipse predictions replay a globe catalogue, and its own flight file solves the Earth’s radius to within two percent.
august-13 · 1,005 words
Nobody Floated: What August 12, 2026 Actually Proved
Two predictions were made about August 12, 2026. One said gravity would switch off for 7 seconds. One said the Moon's shadow would touch western Iceland at 17:46 UTC. Only one of them was written down in advance, and only one of them came true.
august-12 · 1,098 words
August 12, 2026: The Real Eclipse Behind the “Project Anchor” Gravity Hoax
No, Earth will not lose gravity for 7 seconds on August 12, 2026. There is no Project Anchor. But something real is happening that day: the first total solar eclipse over Iceland since 1954 and Spain since 1905. Here is the truth, and the science.
Aviation and radio
What pilots and operators actually do, and why.
aviation · 7,432 words
The Aviation Claims — Do Pilots Have to Pitch Down for the Curve?
Every flat-Earth aviation claim, answered with the actual instrument specifications: attitude indicator resolution, flight data recorder bins, the fields of the ADS-B broadcast (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast, the signal flight trackers listen to), and the transport rate inside every airliner's inertial reference unit.
aviation-plain · 3,220 words
Aviation and the Curve — With the Big Words Crossed Out
Every flat-Earth aviation claim, answered properly in the usual technical language. Then every piece of jargon is struck through and replaced with what it means. The science does not change. Only the vocabulary does.
radio · 5,665 words
Receive the evidence yourself — radio, satellites and the Moon
Five experiments, ordered by cost, from free to a license. Receive an image of the Earth from a Russian satellite for $30. Measure the orbital speed of the ISS with a $25 radio. Pull the full disk of the Earth off a geostationary satellite on a repurposed WiFi antenna. Every level says honestly what it proves and what it does not.
weatherradar · 1,640 words
Weather radar — why one dish cannot watch a country
If the Earth were flat, one central radar could watch the whole country. On a globe it cannot: the beam climbs into space long before it crosses the continent, which is why the United States runs about 159 radars, not one. With cost, power, and the exotic-radar objections answered.
Do it yourself
Instruments, sources and a handbook.
resources · 1,616 words
Check it yourself — live views, tools and sources
A curated see-it / verify-it directory of authoritative tools and data for checking the evidence on Empirical Earth. Links to original tools and data, not a media host.
flat-earth-academy · 7,474 words
Flat Earth Academy — the handbook that fails you into a round Earth
A satirical student handbook. Fifteen flat-Earth arguments, each handed over with total confidence, then honestly checked. Graduate by failing. A companion to Empirical Earth.
Where to start
If you have not read anything here before, these are the shortest routes in.
Every page above is written the same way as the main reference: the claim stated at full strength first, the answer second, the sources listed, and the observation that would prove it wrong named at the end. If a page is wrong, the page says how you would find out.
← Empirical Earth · the sourced reference
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